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Publication List

  • Journal Papers
  • Conference
  • Reports and Talks

My research interests include Multi-Objective Problems in Production Scheduling, Soft Computing applied in Manufacturing Problems and Development of Genetic Algorithms. I have published some research works in some international journals, such as Computers & Operations Research, Expert Systems with Applications, Applied Soft Computing, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Annals of Operations Research, Applied Mathematics and Computation, International Journal of Production Economics, and etc.

A. Journal Papers

  1. Kuo, H.C., Chen, S.H., Chen, Y.H., Lin, Y.C., Chang, C.Y., Wu, Y.C., Wang, T.D., Chang, L.S., Tai, I. and Hsieh, K.S. (2023). Detection of coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease by Scaled-YOLOv4 with HarDNet backbone. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, 1000374. (SCI, )
  2. Chen, Y. H., Lin, P. Y., Wu, H. P., and Chen, S. H. (2022). Joint Hamming Coding for High Capacity Lossless Image Encryption and Embedding Scheme. Applied Sciences, 12(4), 1966. (SCI, )
  3. Tang, W. P., Liong, S. T., Chen, C. C., Tsai, M. H., Hsieh, P. C., Tsai, Y.T., Chen, S. H. and Wang, K. C., 2021. Design of Multi-Receptive Field Fusion-Based Network for Surface Defect Inspection on Hot-Rolled Steel Strip Using Lightweight Dataset. Applied Sciences, 11(20), p.9473. (SCI, )
  4. Chen, M. S., Chiu, C. H., & Chen, S. H. (2021). Risk assessment of metabolic syndrome prevalence involving sedentary occupations and socioeconomic status. BMJ open, 11(12), e042802.
  5. S. H. Chen, C. W. Wang, I. H. Tai, Ken-Pen Weng, Y. H. Chen, K. S. Hsieh (2021), Modified YOLOv4-DenseNet Algorithm for Detection of Ventricular Septal Defects in Ultrasound Images, International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 6(7), 101-108. (SCI, )
  6. Chen, S. H., Liou, Y. C., Chen, Y. H.*, & Wang, K. C. (2019). Order Acceptance and Scheduling Problem with Carbon Emission Reduction and Electricity Tariffs on a Single Machine. Sustainability, 11(19), 5432. (SCI, )
  7. M. S. Chen and S. H. Chen* (2019), A Data-Driven Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome Criteria for Adult Health Management in Taiwan, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (1), 92. (SCI, )
  8. Chen, M. H., S. H. Chen, P. C. Chang* (2017), Imperial competitive algorithm with policy learning for the traveling salesman problem, Soft Computing, 21 (7), 1863–1875. (SCI, )
  9. Lu , X. Y., X. Q. Chu, M. H. Chen, P. C. Chang*, S. H. Chen (2016), Artificial Immune Network with Feature Selection for Bank Term Deposit Recommendation, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 47(2), 267–285. (SCI, )
  10. Chen, S. H. (2015), Minimization of the Total Traveling Distance and Maximum Distance by Using a Transformed-Based Encoding EDA to Solve the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, doi:10.1155/2015/640231. (SCI, )
  11. Chen, S. H.*, M. C. Chen, Y. C. Liou (2014), Artificial Chromosomes with Genetic Algorithm 2 (ACGA2) for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Sequence-Dependent Setup Times, Applied Soft Computing Journal, 11(1), 1263-1274. (SCI, )
  12. Chen, S. H.*, M. C. Chen, P. C. Chang, V. Mani (2013), Multiple parents crossover operators: A new approach removes the overlapping solutions for sequencing problems, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(5), 2737-2746. (SCI, )
  13. Chen, S. H.*, M. C. Chen (2013), Addressing the Advantages of Using Ensemble Probabilistic Models in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for Scheduling Problems, International Journal of Production Economics, 141(1), 24–33. (SCI, )
  14. Chen, Y. M., M. C. Chen, P. C. Chang, S. H. Chen* (2012), Extended Artificial Chromosomes Genetic Algorithm for Permutation Flowshop Scheduling problems, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 62(2), 536–545. (SCI, )
  15. Chen, S. H.*, P. C. Chang, T. C. Edwin Cheng, and Q. Zhang (2012), A Self-guided Genetic Algorithm for Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problems, Computers & Operations Research, 39(7), 1450–1457. (SCI, )
  16. Chen, S. H.*, M. C. Chen, P. C. Chang, Y. M. Chen (2011), EA/G-GA for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Earliness/Tardiness Costs, Entropy, 13(6), 1152-1169. (SCI, )
  17. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, T. Lie, and Y. C. Liu (2011), “A Genetic Algorithm Enhanced by Dominance Properties for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Setup Costs,” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 7(5A), 2323-2344. (SCI, )
  18. Chang, P. C.*, and S. H. Chen (2011), “Integrating Dominance Properties with Genetic Algorithms for Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems with Setup Times,” Applied Soft Computing Journal, 11(1), 1263-1274. (SCI, )
  19. Mani, V., P. C. Chang*, and S. H. Chen (2011), “Single-machine scheduling with past-sequence-dependent setup times and learning effects: a parametric analysis,” International Journal of Systems Science, 42 (12), 2097–2102. (SCI, )
  20. Chen, S. H.*, M. C. Chen, P. C. Chang, Qingfu Zhang, Y. M. Chen (2010), Guidelines for Developing Effective Estimation of Distribution Algorithms in Solving Single Machine Scheduling Problems, Expert Systems with Applications, 37(9), 6441-6451. (SCI, )
  21. Mani, V., P. C. Chang*, and S. H. Chen (2010), “A parametric analysis for single machine scheduling with past-sequence-dependent setup times,” International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 6(3A), 1113–1121. (SCI, )
  22. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, and C. Y. Fan (2010), Generating artificial chromosomes with probability control in genetic algorithm for machine scheduling problems," Annals of Operations Research, 180(1), 197-211. (SCI, )
  23. Mani, V., P. C. Chang*, and S. H. Chen (2009), “Bi-criteria single machine scheduling problem with a learning effect: Aneja–Nair method to obtain the set of optimal sequences,” Computers & mathematics with applications, 58, 39-47. (SCI, )
  24. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, and V. Mani (2009), A note on due-date assignment and single machine scheduling with a learning/aging effect,¨ International Journal of Production Economics, 117(1) , 142-149. (SCI, )
  25. Chen, S. H., P. C. Chang*, Qingfu Zhang, C. B. Wang (2009), A Guided Memetic Algorithm with Probabilistic Models, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 5(12B), 4753-4764. (SCI-E, )
  26. Chang, P. C.*, J. C. Hsieh, S. H. Chen, J. L. Lin, and W. H. Huang (2009), Artificial chromosomes embedded in genetic algorithm for a chip resistor scheduling problem in minimizing the makespan," Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 7135-7141. (SCI, )
  27. Chang, P. C. * and S. H. Chen (2009), The development of a Sub-Population Genetic Algorithm II (SPGAII) for the Multi-objective Combinatorial Problems,"Applied Soft Computing Journal, 9(1), 173-181. (SCI-E, )
  28. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and C. Y. Fan (2009), A hybrid electromagnetism-like algorithm for single machine scheduling problem," Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2) Part 1, pp. 1259-1267. (SCI, )
  29. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and V. Mani (2009), A hybrid genetic algorithm with dominance properties for single machine scheduling with dependent penalties," Applied Mathematical Modelling, 33(1), pp. 579-596. (SCI, )
  30. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, and C. Y. Fan (In Press), A Genetic Algorithm with Injecting Artificial Chromosomes and Markov Chain for Single Machine Scheduling Problems" International Journal of Information Technology and Intelligent Computing, 3(1).
  31. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, and C. Y. Fan (2008) Mining Gene Structures to Inject Artificial Chromosomes for Genetic Algorithm in Single Machine Scheduling Problems," Applied Soft Computing, 8(1), 767-777. (SCI-E, )
  32. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, C. Y. Fan, and C. L. Chan (2008), Genetic algorithm integrated with artificial chromosomes for multi-objective flowshop scheduling problems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 205(2), pp. 550-561. (SCI, )
  33. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and V. Mani (2008), Parametric Analysis of Bi-criterion Single Machine Scheduling with a Learning Effect, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 4(8), 2033-2043. (SCI-E, )
  34. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and C. H. Liu (2007), Sub-Population Genetic Algorithm with Mining Gene Structures for Flow Shop Scheduling Problems," Expert Systems with Applications, 33(3), 762-771. (SCI, )
  35. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen, and V. Mani (2007), Single Machine Scheduling for Jobs with Individual Due Dates and a Learning effect: Genetic Algorithm Approach," International Journal of Computational Science, 1(2), 215-223.
  36. Chang, P. C.*, C. H. Liu, C. H. Yeh and S. H. Chen (2006), The Development of a Weighted Evolving Fuzzy Neural Netwrok," Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 4114, pp.212-221, Springer-Verlag. (SCI-E, )
  37. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and J. C. Hsieh (2006), A Global Archive with Adaptive Strategy for Sub-population Genetic Algorithm in Multiobjective Parallel-machine Scheduling Problems," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4221, 730-739, Springer-Verlag. (SCI-E, )
  38. Chiang, Y. M.*, S. H. Chen and K. C. Wu (2005), A Robust Approach for Improving Computational Efficiency of Order-Picking Problems," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3682, 1007-1012. (SCI-E, )
  39. Chang, P. C.*, S. H. Chen and K. L. Lin (2005)" Two Phase Sub-Population Genetic Algorithm for Parallel Machine Scheduling problem," Expert Systems with Applications, 29(3), 705-712. (SCI, )
B. Conference Papers
  1. Shih-Hsin Chen, I-Hsin Tai, Yi-Hui Chen, Ken-Pen Weng, Kai-Sheng Hsieh (2020), Data Augmentation for a Deep Learning Framework for Ventricular Septal Defect Ultrasound Image Classification, IADS – Integrated Artificial Intelligence In Data Science (ICPR-IADS2020), Milan, Italy, January 10-15, 2021.
  2. 陳世興、許家蓁、陳宜惠、戴以信、翁根本、謝凱生,集成式沙漏網路於心臟都普勒超音波切面分類,第二十五屆人工智慧與應用研討會 (TAAI 2020),桃園,12/3-12/5.
  3. Shih-Hsin Chen, Yi-Hui Chen and Yu-Cheng Kuo (2018), Supervised Learning in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, the 48th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (CIE48), Auckland, New Zealand.
  4. Chen, S. H. and Chen, Y. H. (2018), A New Two-objective Single Machine Scheduling Problem Considers a Past-sequence-dependentSetup Time and Learning, IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Innovation and Invention 2018. Hotel Maison Glad, Jeju Island,South Korea, July 2018.
  5. Chen, S. H. and Y. H. Chen (2017), A Content-Based Image Retrieval Method Based on the Google Cloud Vision API with WordNet, 9th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems (ACIIDS 2017), Kanazawa, Japan.
  6. Chen, S. H. and V. Mani and Y. H. Chen (2015), Bi-criterion Single machine scheduling problem with a past-sequence-dependent setup times and learning effect, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM 2015), Singapore.
  7. Chen, S. H. (2014), A new single machine scheduling problems with dynamic arrival time and setup consideration in a common due date environment by using the Inver-over CX, 8th International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies, Boston, USA.
  8. Chen, S. H., and Chen, Y. H. (2014). A New Estimation of Distribution Algorithm to Solve the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem with the Minimization of Total Distance. In Intelligent Data analysis and its Applications, Volume I (pp. 103-111), Sheng-Zhen, China.
  9. Chen, S. H, Y. H. Wang and C. B. Wang (2013), Quantity and Price Indicator for Technical Analysis in the Stock Market, Proceeding of The 27th Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2013 (JSAI 2013), Toyama, Japan.
  10. Chen, S. H. and Chen, M. C. (2011), Bi-Variate Artificial Chromosomes with Genetic Algorithm for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Sequence-Dependent Setup Times, Proceeding of Congress of Evolutionary Computation 2011 (CEC 2011), New Orleans, U.S.A.
  11. Chen, S. H. and Chen, M. C. (2011), Operators of the Two-Part Encoding Genetic Algorithm in Solving the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem, The 2011 Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (TAAI 2011), Taoyuan, Taiwan.
  12. Shih-Shin Chen, Min Chih Chen, Pei-Chann Chang, and Qingfu Zhang (2009), Development of Effective Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for Scheduling Problems, 2009 Multidisciplinary International Scheduling Conference (MISTA 2009), Dublin, Ireland.
  13. Shih-Shin Chen, Pei-Chann Chang, Qingfu Zhang (2009), A Self-guided Genetic Algorithm for Flowshop Scheduling problems, Proceeding of Congress of Evolutionary Computation 2009 (CEC 2009), Trondheim, Norway.
  14. Shih-Shin Chen, Pei-Chann Chang, Min Chih Chen, and Yuh Min Chen (2009), A Self-guided Genetic Algorithm with Dominance Properties for Single Machine Scheduling problems, 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Scheduling (CISched 2009), Nashville, TN, U.S.A.
  15. Shih-Shin Chen, Pei-Chann Chang, Qingfu Zhang (2008), The Self-Guided Genetic Algorithm, Proceeding of 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC 2008), Shanghai, China.
  16. Pei-Chann Chang, Shih-Shin Chen, Qingfu Zhang (2008), MOEA/D for Flowshop Scheduling Problems, Proceeding of Congress of Evolutionary Computation 2008 (CEC 2008), Hong Kong.
  17. 5. Pei-Chann Chang, Shih-Shin Chen, Wei-Hsiu Huang (2007), A Sub-Population Genetic Algorithm II (SPGAII) for the Bi-Criteria Knapsack Problem, the Second International Symposium on Intelligence Computation and Applications (ISICA 2007), Wuhan, China, September 21-23, 2007.
  18. Jih-Chang Hsieh, Shih-Hsin Chen, Pei-Chann Chang (2007), "Application of Artificial Immune System in Constructing a Financial Early Warning System: An Example of Taiwanese Banking Industry", Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 2007. ICICIC '07, Kumamoto, Japan.
  19. Pei-Chann Chang, Shih-Shin Chen, Qiong-Hui Ko, Chin-Yuan Fan (2007), A Genetic Algorithm with Injecting Artificial Chromosomes for Single Machine Scheduling Problems, in Proceeding of 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Scheduling (CISched 2007), Hawaii.
  20. Pei-Chann Chang, Shih-Hhin Chen, Shih-Min Hsiung, Chin-Yuan Fan (2007), A Genetic Algorithm with Dominance Properties for Single Machine Scheduling Problems, in Proceeding of 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Scheduling (CISched 2007), Hawaii.
  21. Jih-Chang Hsieh, Pei-Chann Chang, and Shih-Hsin Chen (2006), Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network for Financial Early Warning System: An Example of Taiwanese Banking Industry, in Proceeding of International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC' 2006), Beijing.
  22. Hsieh, Jihchang, Pei-Chann Chang, and Shih-Hsin Chen (2006), Genetic Local Search Algorithms for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Release Time, in International Federation for information Processing (IFIP), Volume 207, Knowledge Enterprise: intelligent Strategies in Product Design, Manufacturing, and Management, eds. K. Wang, Kovacs G., Wozny M., Fang M., (Boston: Springer), pp. 875-880.
  23. Chiang, Y.M. and S.H. Chen (2004), A Novel Approach to Improve Computation Efficiency of Order-Picking Problem in Distribution Centers, in Proceeding of Operational Research and Technology Management 2004 (ORTM), Taipei, Taiwan.
  24. Chiang, Y. M., S. H. Chen, and K. C. Wu (2004), A Study on Order-Picking and Stock Location Assignment in Distribution Centers, 2004 Annual Conference of Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
  25. Chiang, Y. M. and S. H. Chen (2003), The order Picking Problem in a Distribution, Greater China Logistics Forum 2003 ¡V Contemporary Logistics Academic Conference, Hong Kong.
  26. Chiang, Y. M. and S. H. Chen (2003), Solving Order Picking Problem by Cluster Analysis and Tabu Search, CSMOT 2007 Annual Conference, Hsingchu, Taiwan.
  27. Chiang, Y. M. and S. H. Chen (2003), A Prune-and-Search Algorithm for Solving Optimal Number of Clusters in Storage Location Assignment, International Conference on Informatics, Cybernetics, and Systems 2003, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
  28. Chiang, Y. M. and S. H. Chen (2002), Web-based information system for distribution centers, Proceeding of International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Korea.

C. Granted Research Projects

  • 整合方向性YOLOv7演算法與背景分類資訊檢測肺高壓心臟超音波影像 (Integrating Oriented YOLOv7 Algorithm and Background Classification to Detect Echocardiography of Pulmonary Hypertension), 112-2221-E-032-021-, 2023/08/01~2024/07/31
  • 目標辨識演算法輔助偵測心臟超音波瓣膜閉鎖不全之研究 (Object detection algorithms assist the valve regurgitation detection of ultrasound medical images), 110-2221-E-032-048-MY2, 2021/08/01~2023/07/31
  • 川崎症心臟超音波冠狀動脈瘤目標檢測及預測模型之研究 (The research of object detection and prediction for the ultrasoundimage of coronary aneurysm in the Kawasaki disease), 109-2221-E-230-006- , 109/08/01~110/07/31
  • 五大常見先天性心臟超音波影像分類與目標檢測之研究(I) (A study on the classification and object detection of the ultrasound images for the 5 common congenital heart diseases), MOST 108-2221-E-230-004-, 108/08/01~109/07/31。
  • 智慧化兒童心臟超音波影像診斷系統(I) (An Intelligent Treatment System with Ultrasonic Images for the Pediatric Cardiology), MOST 107-2221-E-230-007- , 107/08/01~108/07/31。
  • 第三代自指引基因演算法解決兩項新的流程型機台訂單接受與排程問題(I) (SGGA3 Solves Two New Order Acceptance and Scheduling Problems for Flow Shop), MOST 106-2221-E-230 -009 -, 106/08/01~107/07/31。
  • 以實證醫學觀點建置泰國北部婦癌臨床決策支援系統--對國際努力作出貢獻 (共同主持人), MOST 106-2218-E-040-001-MY2, 106/06/01~108/07/31。
  • 整合式演算法解決綠色供應鏈訂單接受排程問題(I) (Unified Methods for the Order Acceptance Scheduling Problem in the Green Supply Chain), MOST 105-2221-E-230-009, 105/08/01~106/07/31。
  • 考量整備時間、共同交期與動態到達時間之單機排程問題 (Some algorithms for the sequence-dependent setup time single-machine scheduling problems with common due-date and dynamic release time), NSC 102-2221-E-230-019-MY2, 102/08/01~104/07/31。
  • 估計機率分佈演算法求解群內最佳化問題之研究 (Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for the In-Group Optimization Problems), NSC 101-2221-E-343-002, 101/08/01~102/07/31。
  • 求解具有與過去順序相依準備時間以及學習效應之雙目標單機排程問題之研究(I)(Bi-criterion Single machine scheduling problem with a past-sequence-dependent setup times and learning effect),NSC 99-2221-E-343-002,99/08/01~100/07/31。
  • 結合自指引基因演算法與排程優勢性質求解單機與平行機排程問題
    (Self-Guided GA with Dominance Properties for Single Machine and Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems), NSC 98-2218-E-343-001-MY2,98/01/01 ~ 99/07/31。

D. Technical Reports

  • Convergency Analysis of Some Estimation of Distribution Algorithms in Detail, Technical Report 200901, NanHua University.

E. Patents

  • Method for creating form validation program and corresponding form interface according to result set metadata, US Patent (US 9514115 B2), 2016/12/6.
  • 專屬個性化圖片搜尋優化方法 (OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR SEARCHING EXCLUSIVE PERSONALIZED PICTURES ),中華民國專利 (TW I693524),2020/5/11.
  • 提升文圖搜尋結果相契合最佳化的搜尋過濾方法 (SEARCHING AND FILTERING METHOD FOR MATCHING OPTIMIZATION OF TEXT AND IMAGE SEARCHING RESULTS),中華民國專利(TW I647580 ),2019/01/11.
  • 以外來鍵對映資料表自動產生下拉式表單欄位之方法 (METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY GENERATE FIELDS OF DROP-DOWN MENU BY FOREIGN KEYS CORRESPONDING TO DATA SHEET),中華民國專利(TW I608406),2017/12/11.
  • 從資料表欄位註解產生網頁程式與對應表單介面之方法 (METHOD FOR GENERATING WEB PROGRAM AND CORRESPONDING FORM INTERFACE FORM ANNOTATION OF TABLE FILED ),中華民國專利(TW I524197),2016/03/01.
  • 從資料集詮釋資料產生表單驗證程式與對應表單介面之方法 (METHOD FOR GENERATING FORM VALIDATION PROGRAM AND CORRESPONDING FORM INTERFACE FROM RESULT SET METADATA ),中華民國專利(TW I522824),2016/02/21.

F. Invited Talks & Training Courses

  • 2009/4/15: "Research exists everywhere," Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung. Slides
  • 2009/8/6: "How to generate diversified and good fitness solutions in evolutionary algorithms?" School of Computer Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
  • 2009/8/7: "The Development of Effective Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs)," School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, UK.
  • 2010/12/24: "How to give a speech in English?," The Department of Applied Information Sciences, Chungshan University Hospital, Taiwan.
  • 2011/12/27: A tutorial of the three major cloud computing platforms: Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, and Dropbox, The Department of Information Management, WuFeng University, Taiwan.
  • 2012/6/11: My Personal Experiences of the cloud computing to the mobile App development, the Dept. of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan.
  • 2012/7/4 to 7/5: Cross platform mobile App development, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan.

 

 

 

 

   

I like to give my special thanks to my co-authors in these joint works.

Dean P. C. Chang
Retired from Dept. of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, R. O. C.


Prof. V. Mani.
Retired from Dept. of Aerospace, Indian Institute of Science, India.

 

Prof. Q. Zhang
School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK.

 

Prof. T. C. Edwin Cheng
Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HK.